Regulate fat metabolism:
Insulin promotes the synthesis and storage of fat, reduces free fatty acids in the blood, and inhibits the decomposition and oxidation of fat. Insulin deficiency can cause disorders of fat metabolism, reduced fat storage, increased decomposition, elevated blood lipids, and can cause arteriosclerosis over a long period of time, leading to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, insulin deficiency leads to the decomposition of body fat and the formation of large amounts of ketone. Body, ketoacidosis.
Regulate protein metabolism:
Insulin promotes the uptake of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins on the one hand, and inhibits the decomposition of proteins on the one hand, thus contributing to growth. The pro-protein synthesis of pituitary growth hormone must be manifested by the presence of insulin. Therefore, insulin is also one of the indispensable hormones for growth.
Pharmacological effects:
Treat diabetes and wasting diseases. Promote glucose into the liver cells, muscle cells, fat cells and other tissue cells in the blood circulation to synthesize glycogen to reduce blood sugar and promote the synthesis of fat and protein.
Physiological effects:
The main physiological role of insulin is to regulate metabolic processes. For glucose metabolism: promote the uptake and utilization of glucose by tissue cells, promote glycogen synthesis, inhibit gluconeogenesis, and lower blood sugar; promote fat metabolism: promote fatty acid synthesis and fat storage, reduce fat decomposition; for protein: promote amino acid into cells Promote all aspects of protein synthesis to increase protein synthesis. The overall role is to promote anabolism. Insulin is the only hormone in the body that lowers blood sugar, and is the only hormone that promotes the synthesis of glycogen, fat and protein. The mechanism of action is the mechanism of the receptor tyrosine kinase.
The biological role of insulin
